Influence of genetic polymorphisms on oral health-related quality of life after root canal treatment

Abstract To evaluate the impact of genetic polymorphisms in interleukins (IL1A rs17561, rs1304037; IL10 rs1800871; IL1RN rs9005), nitric oxide (NOS2 rs2779249, rs2897518) and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS1 rs243327, rs33977706) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients under-going root canal treatment (RCT). Methods: The sample consisted of 108 participants, presenting single-rooted teeth with asymptomatic periapical periodontitis. The impact of the OHRQoL was recorded using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) before, seven, and 30 days after RCT. Saliva samples were collected as a source of genomic DNA. Genetic polymorphisms were genotyped by Real-Time PCR using the Taqman method. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were used (p<0.05). Results: A significant difference was observed for the polymorphism rs2297518 in the NOS2 gene in functional limitation in the codominant (p=0.037) and recessive (p=0.001) models; in the physical pain (p<0.001 in both models); in psychological discomfort (p<0.001 in both models); in physical disability (p<0.001 in both models) and in psychological disability (p<0.001 in both models). Polymorphisms in the SOCS1 gene, in the recessive model, rs33977706 (p=0.045) and rs243327 (p=0.019), influenced the OHRQoL in the psychological discomfort domain. Conclusions: Polymorphisms in NOS2 and SOCS1 genes influenced the OHRQoL of patients undergoing RCT.

Resumo Avaliar o impacto de polimorfismos genéticos em interleucinas (IL1A rs17561, rs1304037; IL10 rs1800871; IL1RN rs9005), óxido nítrico (NOS2 rs2779249, rs2897518) e supressor da sinalização de citocinas (SOCS1 rs243327, rs33977706) na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de pacientes submetidos a tratamento endodôntico (TE). Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 108 participantes, que apresentavam dentes unirradiculares com lesão periapical assintomática. O impacto da QVRSB foi registrado usando o Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) antes, sete e 30 dias após o TE. Amostras de saliva foram coletadas como fonte de DNA genômico. Os polimorfismos genéticos foram genotipados por PCR em tempo real usando o método Taqman. Análises univariadas e multivariadas foram utilizadas (p<0,05). Resultados: Observou-se diferença significativa para o polimorfismo rs2297518 no gene NOS2 na limitação funcional nos modelos codominante (p=0,037) e recessivo (p=0,001); na dor física (p<0,001 em ambos os modelos); no desconforto psicológico (p<0,001 em ambos os modelos); na deficiência física (p<0,001 em ambos os modelos) e na deficiência psicológica (p<0,001 em ambos os modelos). Polimorfismos no gene SOCS1, no modelo recessivo, rs33977706 (p=0,045) e rs243327 (p=0,019), influenciaram a QVRSB no domínio desconforto psicológico. Conclusões: Polimorfismos nos genes NOS2 e SOCS1 influenciaram a QVRSB de pacientes submetidos a TE.

Posible Bruxismo en Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral en Pacientes que Tuvieron y no SARS CoV-2

La pandemia por SARS-CoV2 cambió el ritmo de vida habitual y como consecuencia tuvo influencia para el desarrollo de situaciones parafuncionales, como el posible bruxismo, generando una huella en la calidad de vida. Determinar el posible bruxismo en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral (CVRSO) en pacientes que tuvieron y no SARS-Cov2 en Yucatán, México, durante junio-diciembre de 2021. estudio correlacional, descriptivo, transversal, participaron 119 sujetos del estado de Yucatán que presentaron y no SARS-CoV2 a través de la aplicación de forma virtual en la plataforma Google Forms de dos cuestionarios digitalizados: el primero para la medición del posible bruxismo elaborado y adaptado por la Dra. Celia Elena del Perpetuo Socorro Mendiburu-Zavala con base en los autores Ordóñez-Plaza et al. (2016), González-Emsoto et al. (2015) y De La Hoz-Aizpurua & Winocur (2014). Para el estudio de la CVRSO se empleó el OHIP-14 diseñado por Castrejón-Pérez et al. (2010). Utilizando pruebas estadísticas como Ji Cuadra, Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para identificar factores de asociación. Resultados: con respecto a la prevalencia del posible bruxismo en sujetos con SARS-CoV2 (n=43) según la edad, los adultos maduros (36 a 59 años) y mayores (de 60 años y más), presentaron mayores porcentajes que los jóvenes (18 a 35 años). Para determinar el efecto del posible bruxismo en la CVRSO en personas que tuvieron y no SARS-CoV2 se utilizó la prueba estadística de Kruskal-Wallis, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ninguno de los grupos (c ∑ = 2.87; p = .411). El efecto del posible bruxismo en la CVRSO en personas que tuvieron y no SARS-CoV2 no tiene un efecto estadísticamente significativo. Sin embargo, el posible bruxismo altera la CVRSO y sí hay una fuerte influencia de factores como la edad y contexto cultural.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic changed the usual rhythm of life and therefore had an influence for the development of parafunctional situations, such as possible bruxism, generating an imprint on quality of life. To determine possible bruxism in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients who did and did not have SARS- CoV-2 in Yucatan, Mexico, during June-December 2021. Materials and methods: correlational, descriptive, cross- sectional study, 119 subjects from the state of Yucatan who did and did not present SARS-CoV-2 participated through the virtual application in the Google Forms platform of two digitized questionnaires: the first for the measurement of possible bruxism elaborated and adapted by Dr. Celia Elena del Perpetuo Socorro Mendiburu-Zavala based on the authors Ordóñez Plaza et al. (2016), González-Emsoto et al. (2015), and De La Hoz-Aizpurua & Winocur (2014). For the study of the OHRQoL the OHIP-14 designed by Castrejón-Pérez et al. was used. They were used statistical tests such as Ji Cuadra, Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann- Whitney U test to identify factors of association. Results: regarding the prevalence of possible bruxism in subjects with SARS-CoV-2 (n=43) according to age, mature adults (36 to 59 years) and older adults (60 years and older) presented higher percentages than young adults (18 to 35 years). To determine the effect of possible bruxism on OHRQoL in people who did and did not have SARS-CoV-2, the Kruskal- Wallis statistical test was used; no statistically significant differences were found between any of the groups (c∑ = 2.87; p = .411). the effect of possible bruxism on OHRQoL in subjects who did and did not have SARS-CoV-2 did not have a statistically significant effect. However, possible bruxism did alter OHRQoL and there was a strong influence of factors such as age and cultural context.

Evaluation of plaque index, gingival index and oral health-related quality of life in obese patients / Evaluación del índice de placa, índice gingival y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en pacientes obesos

Obesity is a chronic disease that may be related to caries, periodontitis, xerostomia, and dental erosion, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque index (Silness & Löe, 1964), the gingival index (Löe & Silness, 1963), and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in obese patients. The study included 45 extremely obese, 45 obese, and 45 normal-weight individuals between the ages of 18 and 58. The plaque index and gingival index of the individuals were determined by clinical examination by probing. In addition, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used for the OHRQoL. The IBM SPSS Statistic 22.0 software program was used for the statistical evaluation of the study data. The plaque index and gingival index values were statistically higher in obese compared to normal weight individuals (p0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the OHIP-14 total scores of the groups (p>0.05). Increased apparent plaque index and gingival index values in obese patients may adversely affect periodontal health.

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica que puede estar relacionada con caries, periodontitis, xerostomía y erosión dental, además de aumentar la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el índice de placa, el índice gingival y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal (CVSB) en pacientes obesos. El estudio incluyó a 45 individuos extremadamente obesos, 45 obesos y 45 de peso normal entre las edades de 18 y 58 años. El índice de placa y el índice gingival de los individuos se determinaron mediante examen clínico y sondaje periodontal. Además, se utilizó el cuestionario Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) para la evaluación CVSB. Se utilizó el programa informático IBM SPSS Statistic 22.0 para la evaluación estadística. Los valores del índice de placa y del índice gingival fueron estadísticamente más altos en obesos en comparación con los individuos de peso normal (p0,05). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las puntuaciones totales de OHIP-14 de los grupos (p>0,05). El aumento del índice de placa aparente y los valores del índice gingival en pacientes obesos pueden afectar negativamente la salud periodontal.

Probable bruxismo y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral / Probable Bruxism and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life

Resumen El bruxismo es el hábito de apretamiento y rechinamiento de los órganos dentarios (ODs), existiendo contactos dentarios que no tienen propósito. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral (CVRSO), se define como un aspecto multidimensional que refleja la comodidad del individuo en relación con sus funciones fisiológicas y psicológicas, del estado de salud oral. Determinar la relación entre el probable bruxismo y la CVRSO en pacientes que acuden para atención en la Unidad Universitaria de Inserción Social (UUIS) de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), de septiembre 2019 a enero 2020. Observacional, analítico de casos controles y transversal. Aplicándose a 70 pacientes dos instrumentos: el OHIP-EE-14 (validado por Castrejón-Pérez R.C., Borges-Yañez S.A.) y un cuestionario elaborado por Mendiburu-Zavala C., con base a Ordoñez Plaza et al., González-Emsoto et al., y De La Hoz-Aizpurua et al para el diagnóstico de probable bruxismo. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Un 47.1% (n=33) sí presentó probable bruxismo (CPB) y un 52.9% (n=37) no (SPB). El grupo etario más frecuente fue el de 18-35 años, con 67.2% (n=47), un 34.3% (n=24) CPB. La manifestación circadiana, más frecuente fue la de vigilia con 49% (n=16). Los de CPB, se obtuvo una media de 20.45±7.95 en la puntuación del OHIP-EE-14 (CVRSO) y SPB, la media fue de 7.81±4.84. Si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los pacientes CPB y los SPB (p<.001). El probable bruxismo si repercute en el nivel de la CVRSO.

Abstract Bruxism is the habit of squeezing and grinding the dental organs (ODs), with dental contacts that have no purpose. The Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is defined as a multidimensional aspect that reflects the comfort of the individual in relation to their physiological and psychological functions, of the state of oral health. To determine the relationship between probable bruxism and OHRQoL in patients who came for care at the University Unit of Social Insertion (UUIS) of the Autonomous University of Yucatán (UADY), México from September 2019 to January 2020. Observational, analytical of case controls and cross-sectional. Two instruments were applied to 70 patients: the OHIP-EE-14 (validated by Castrejón-Pérez R.C., Borges-Yañez S.A.) and a questionnaire prepared by Mendiburu-Zavala C., based on Ordoñez Plaza et al., González-Emsoto et al., and De La Hoz-Aizpurua et al for the diagnosis of probable bruxism. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. 47.1% (n=33) did present probable bruxism (CPB) and 52.9% (n=37) did not (SPB). The most frequent age group was 18-35 years old, with 67.2% (n=47), 34.3% (n=24) CPB. The most frequent circadian manifestation was waking with 49% (n=16). Those of CPB, a mean of 20.45±7.95 was obtained in the OHIP-EE-14 for the OHRQoL and SPB score, the mean was 7.81±4.84. There are statistically significant differences between CPB and SPB patients (p<.001). The probable bruxism does affect the OHRQoL level.

How Difficult is it for Patients Having Oral Ulcers to Get Diagnosed?

ABSTRACT: Oral ulcers cause high levels of impairment of the patients' quality of life. Therefore, patients having oral ulcers visit clinicians while seeking treatment. This study aims to investigate the extent of patients' suffering till reaching the correct clinician specialty, and therefore, proper diagnosis and treatment. The study included 62 diagnosed oral ulcer patients. They filled a questionnaire about previously visited clinicians and their specialties, causes of their referral and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 indicating their quality of life. The study revealed that participants visit a mean number of 2.93 clinicians before reaching a specialist. Furthermore, the number of the visited clinicians was positively correlated to the impact of the oral ulcer on quality of life. The study reflects the degree of unnecessary suffering of patients having oral ulcers due to unnecessary delay of diagnosis. It, thereby, highlights the necessity for higher awareness about Oral Medicine specialty among medical practitioners and among general population as well.

RESUMEN: Las úlceras orales y su diagnóstico tardío causan un nivel de deterioro significativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el nivel de sufrimiento de los pacientes hasta llegar a la especialidad clínica y lograr un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado. El estudio incluyó a 62 pacientes diagnosticados con úlcera oral. Los pacientes completaron un cuestionario sobre los médicos consultados previamente, las especialidades, las causas de su derivación y el Perfil de Impacto en la Salud Oral-14, que refleja su calidad de vida. El estudio reveló que los participantes visitaron una media de 2,93 médicos antes de consultar con un especialista. Además, el número de médicos visitados se correlacionó positivamente con el impacto que tiene la úlcera oral en la calidad de vida. El estudio refleja el grado de sufrimiento innecesario de los pacientes que presentan úlceras orales debido a un diagnóstico tardío. Por lo tanto, se destaca la necesidad de una mayor conciencia sobre la especialidad de medicina oral entre los médicos y también de la población en general.

Quality of Life in Patients with Dental Prosthesis in South Indian Population – Chennai, Tamil Nadu: An Epidemiological Survey

A questionnaire consisting of approximately 9 questions is prepared individually for patients and circulated in specified locality and the responses given by the patients are statistically analysed to determine the awareness about “QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH DENTAL PROSTHESIS”. The patients are completely/partially edentulous and who are prosthesis wearers. About 179 patients were surveyed and analysed. Patients’ perceived Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) may be defined as a multidimensional construct incorporating at least three broad domains: physical, psychological and social functioning. In the dental field, assessment of an individual’s Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) has been exponentially increasing during the last decade to evaluate the impact of a disease or of treatment efficacy. Particularly in prosthodontics, several studies and systematic reviews have demonstrated that partial and conventional complete dentures significantly improved OHRQoL, especially concerning aesthetics and function. Qualities of life include the subjective sense of physical and/or mental well-being. In its broadest and most inclusive sense, it is sometimes referred to as “life satisfaction”. Bio-functionality tests are employed to investigate theprevalence of missing teeth and prosthodontic replacements in South Indian adult population using a hierarchical dental functional classification system. The paper aims to evaluate quality of life in patients with dental prosthesis done in south Indian population - Chennai, Tamilnadu: an epidemiological survey. The reasons for measuring HRQOL and functional status are that they provide a means of identifying and monitoring the impact of disease and interventions on the physical and mental health of elderly individuals as they themselves perceive this impact. Some of the causes of decreased HRQOL may be preventable and others are treatable with appropriate interventions. Short questionnaires that ask about these issues and are incorporated routinely into patient visits can provide information on HRQOL that alerts clinicians to changes that otherwise might go unrecognized. The number of “20 natural teeth” is the generally accepted WHO operative criterion for a functional natural dentition for adequate bio-functionality. In conclusion Quality of life is certainly disturbed in complete/partial edentulism. It includes in all aspect from psychological to functional.

Determinants of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients on Root Canal Treatment

Introduction: Several determinants directly affect the Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of root canal treatment (RCT) patients like knowledge, attitude, perceptions, age, gender, marital status, smoking and pre-exposure history of RCT. This study determined the sociodemographic determinants of OHRQoLamong patients underwent RCT.Methods: This cross-sectional study determiningthe OHRQoL of patients on RCTwas conducted among patients visiting various dental clinics. A self-administered and validated questionnaire comprising of four OHRQoL themes was used to collect the data.Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) ver. 22.0 was used to analyze the data.One-way ANOVA and independent t-test were used to determine the p-value.Results: For each theme of the OHRQoL research tool, its association was statistically significant with at least one demographic determinant ofthe RCT patients. A total of 26.3% of the participantswere males and 73.7% were females.Among the RCT patients, 38.5% were single whereas 61.5% were married. Conclusion: In conclusion, a moderately-good level of OHRQoL was observed among the patients on RCT.

Malocclusion-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (MRQoLQ): Development and validation of a new psychometric tool for older adolescents with malocclusion

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate a new psychometric tool for assessing malocclusion-related quality of life among older Indian adolescents. Methods: Item generation involved analysis of existing validated tools, followed by development of new items using various qualitative steps. A draft item pool of 41 questions was initially generated and subjected to item reduction through sequential steps involving two clinical studies to ensure reliability and validity. 431 subjects aged between 15 to 18 years took part in the validation study. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to get a psychometric tool with good factorial structure and maximum variance. Results: Rotated component matrix resulted in a 20 item psychometric tool containing 4 domains with a total variance of 61.57%. Inter item, item total correlation and Cronbach α (α = 0.88) ensured good reliability. A positive correlation of the scale with global question ensured convergent validity. Independent t test showed statistically significant difference (p< 0.05) between mean score of IOTN-DHC and DAI with MRQoLQ, ensuring good construct validity. Conclusions: The newly developed psychometric tool is named as Malocclusion-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (MRQoLQ) having 20 questions, including 2 socioeconomic items. The scale showed good reliability and initial validity, hence can be used among older adolescents with malocclusion to assess their malocclusion-related quality of life.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver e validar uma nova ferramenta psicométrica para avaliar o impacto da má oclusão na qualidade de vida em pacientes indianos ao final da adolescência. Método: o delineamento do conjunto de itens desse questionário envolveu a análise de ferramentas existentes já validadas, seguida da criação de novos itens, usando vários passos qualitativos. Um conjunto provisório de itens, com 41 perguntas, foi inicialmente formulado e submetido à redução de itens por meio de passos sequenciais envolvendo dois estudos clínicos, para garantir sua validade e confiabilidade. Nesse estudo de validação, participaram 431 pacientes com idades entre 15 e 18 anos. Foi realizada uma análise do componente principal pelo método Varimax, para se obter uma ferramenta psicométrica com boa estrutura fatorial e variância máxima. Resultados: a matriz, após as rotações dos fatores, resultou em uma ferramenta psicométrica com 20 itens, contendo 4 domínios, com uma variância total de 61,57%. As correlações interitens e item-total e o alfa de Cronbach (α = 0,88) confirmaram uma boa confiabilidade. Uma correlação positiva da escala com a questão global assegurou validade convergente. O teste t independente demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p< 0,05) entre a pontuação média do IOTN-DHC e do DAI com o MRQoLQ, assegurando uma validade bem construída. Conclusões: essa nova ferramenta psicométrica desenvolvida, denominada Questionário "Impacto da Má Oclusão na Qualidade de Vida" (MRQoLQ, do inglês Malocclusion-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire), com 20 perguntas, incluindo 2 itens socioeconômicos, demonstrou boa confiabilidade e validade inicial. Assim, pode ser utilizado em pacientes no final da adolescência, para avaliar o impacto da má oclusão em sua qualidade de vida.

Efeitos de diferentes terapias conservadoras sobre a dor, aspectos psicossociais, relacionados ao sono e à qualidade de vida em indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular: ensaio clínico randomizado / Effects of different conservative therapies on pain, psychosocial aspects, sleep-related aspects and quality of life in individuals with temporomandibular disorders: randomized clinical trial

A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) consiste em um conjunto de condições que envolve as articulações temporomandibulares (ATM), os músculos mastigatórios e estruturas associadas. É bastante prevalente no Brasil e no mundo, tem caráter multifatorial e auto limitante, o que proporcionou o desenvolvimento de uma grande variedade de terapias para manejo dos seus principais sinais e sintomas. Esse ensaio clínico randomizado cego avaliou o efeito de terapias conservadoras sobre sintomas físicos, psicológicos, relacionados ao sono e à qualidade de vida em pacientes diagnosticados com DTM e se alterações psicológicas e do sono interferem no controle da dor desses pacientes após as condutas terapêuticas. A amostra foi constituída por 87 indivíduos diagnosticados com DTM pelo Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC-TMD) randomicamente alocados entre os grupos de tratamento: dispositivo oclusal (DO), aconselhamento (AC), fisioterapia (FT) e DO associado ao AC. Os sintomas de ansiedade foram diagnosticados pelo Índice de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE), Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS) e Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI). Os sintomas de depressão foram avaliados através do HADS e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). A qualidade subjetiva do sono, qualidade de vida geral e relacionada á saúde bucal, função e intensidade de dor foram investigadas através do Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI), Questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde - abreviado (WHOQOL), Impacto da Saúde Bucal na Qualidade de Vida (OHIP 14) e Escala Analógica Visual (EVA) respectivamente. As coletas foram realizadas no baseline, com 1 mês e 3 meses após a conclusão das terapias por um investigador cego e treinado. Utilizou-se o teste SPANOVA para a análise do efeito das terapias ao longo do tempo e entre os grupos e os testes de Friedman e Mann Whitney para avaliar os níveis de dor intra e intergrupos em todos os tempos com um nível de significância de 5 %. Observou-se que nenhuma terapia apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante em relação a outra e que todas apresentaram efeitos significativos na melhoria dos índices avaliados (sintomas de ansiedade IDATE p=0,002 ­ HADS p<0,001 ­ BAI p<0,001, depressão BDI p=0,001, qualidade subjetiva do sono PSQI p=0,005, qualidade de vida geral WHOQOL p=0,029 e relacionada a saúde bucal OHIP p <0,001 e índice de dor p<0,001) ao longo do tempo, exceto para o HADS depressão p=0,106. Verificou-se que todos os pacientes com sintomas alterados reduziram significativamente seus níveis de dor após as terapias (HADS p<0,001; BAI p<0,001; BDI p<0,001; PSQI p=0,010), mas que os pacientes ansiosos (BAI p=0,021) tiveram uma redução estatisticamente significativa maior (delta=2,84) quando comparados aos indivíduos normais (delta=1,10) e igualmente a qualidade do sono (QS) alterada (p=0,006). Conclui-se que todas as terapias conservadoras geraram resultados positivos em relação a sintomas físicos, psicológicos, relacionados ao sono e à qualidade de vida e que não houve elementos para afirmar que os tratamentos não foram iguais. E ainda que a presença de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e QS ruim apresentaram maiores níveis de dor no baseline, porém esses fatores não influenciaram negativamente na melhora após as terapias conservadoras com DO, AC, FT, DO+AC para DTM e que ansiedade e sono alterado podem até gerar um efeito maior nesta redução (AU).

Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) consists of a set of conditions that involve the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), masticatory muscles and associated structures. It is very prevalent in Brazil and worldwide, has a multifactorial and self-limiting character, which has allowed the development of a great variety of therapies to manage its main signs and symptoms. This blinded randomized clinical trial evaluated the physical, functional, psychological, sleep-related and quality of life symptoms in patients diagnosed with TMD after different therapies: occlusal splint (OS), counseling (C), manual therapy (TM) and associated OS to C and if psychological and sleep disturbances interfere in the pain control of these patients after the therapeutic conducts. The sample consisted of 87 individuals diagnosed with TMD by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC-TMD) randomly assigned between the treatment groups. Anxiety symptoms were diagnosed by the Trait-State Anxiety Index (IDATE), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Symptoms of depression were assessed using the HADS and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The subjective quality of sleep, general quality of life and related to oral health, function and intensity of pain were investigated through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - bref (WHOQOL ), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP 14) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively. The assessments were performed at the baseline, 1 month and 3 months after completion of the therapies by a blind and trained investigator. The SPANOVA test was used to analyze the effect of therapies over time and between groups with a confidence level of 95% and Friedman and Mann Whitney tests to assess intra- and intergroup pain levels at all times with a significance level of 5%. It was observed that no therapy had a statistically significant difference in relation to the other, and that all had significant effects on the improvement of the indexes evaluated (anxiety IDATE p=0.002 ­ HADS p<0.001 ­ BAI p<0.001 and depression BDI p=0.001 symptoms, subjective sleep quality PSQI p=0.005, general quality of life WHOQOL p=0.029, oral health related quality of life OHIP p <0.001 and pain intensity p<0.001) over time, except for the HADS depression (p = 0.106). It was found that all patients with altered symptoms significantly reduced their pain levels after the therapies (HADS p <0.001; BAI p <0.001; BDI p <0.001; PSQI p = 0.010), but that anxious patients (BAI p = 0.021) had a statistically significant greater reduction (delta = 2.84) when compared to normal individuals (delta = 1.10) and also the altered QS (p = 0.006). It was concluded that all conservative therapies generated positive outcomes regarding physical, psychological, sleep-related and quality of life symptoms and there were no elements to state that the treatments were not equal. And although anxious, depressed patients with low QS had higher levels of pain in the baseline and these factors did not negatively influence their reduction after DO, AC, FT, DO + AC and TMD therapies, and that anxiety and altered sleep may even have a greater effect on this reduction (AU).

The Study of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHR-QOL) among 471 Elderly Patients with Chronic Periodontitis in Kunming City / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To research the relationship between quality of life among the elderly with chronic periodontitis (CP) and the severity of CP.Methods A total of 471 elderly patients seeking treatment in the affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September 2013 to January 2014 and their companions were investigated using the questionnaire according to the Chinese version of the Oral health Impact Profile-14.Those who diagnosed with CP were separated into two groups according to Community periodontal index (CPI) through periodontal examination.Group A was diagnosed with the early CP,and Group B was diagnosed with the late CP.Database was established by Epidata and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS.Results A total of 237 elderly patients with early CP and 139 with late CP were recorded.The mean OHIP-14 scores of the former were 14.36 ± 6.67,and the score of the later were 15.65 ± 7.12 relatively.The two groups who lived through negative effects were compared.The results suggested in the 14 items of OHIP-14.The statistical significance existed in the following 4 items,obvious pain appeared,uncomfortable when eating anything,unsatisfied with own diet,become easy to lose one's temper to others (P＜0.05).Conclusion OHR-QOL of elderly patients with the late CP is lower than that of those with the early CP.

Racial Differences in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Multilevel Analysis in Brazilian Children

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the influence of race/ethnicity on Brazilian children' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). A multistage random sampling selected a representative sample of 1,134 twelve-years-old children from public schools of Santa Maria, a city in Southern Brazil. Participants were examined by 4 calibrated clinicians (minimum Kappa-value for inter-examiner agreement of 0.8) and the Brazilian short version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was administered. The children's parents or guardians answered questions regarding their demographics and socioeconomic status. Associations were analyzed using multilevel Poisson regression models. Children from racial/ethnic minority groups had poorer OHRQoL. The mean CPQ11-14 score was 1.08 times higher for non-white children than their white counterparts' score. "Social" and "Emotional well-being" were the most affected domains for non-white children, with significantly higher mean scores as compared to white children (RR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.07-1.33; and RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04-1.24). This association remained significant even after adjusting for individual and contextual covariates. OHRQoL disparities are prevalent among children from racial/ethnic minority groups. Non-white children have lower OHRQoL compared to white children.

Resumo Este estudo transversal avaliou a influência da raça/etnia na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de crianças brasileiras. O processo de amostragem aleatório selecionou uma amostra representativa de 1.134 crianças de 12 anos de idade de escolas públicas de Santa Maria, uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Os participantes foram examinados por 4 clínicos calibrados (valor mínimo de Kappa para concordância inter-examinador de 0,8) e a versão brasileira reduzida do questionário Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14) foi aplicada a cada um. Os pais ou responsáveis pelos crianças responderam a questões relacionadas à suas características demográficas e socioeconômicas. As associações foram analisadas utilizando modelos multiníveis com regressão de Poisson. Crianças de grupos étnico/raciais minoritários tiveram pior QVRSB. O escore médio do CPQ 11-14 foi 1,08 maior para crianças não-brancos do que o escore dos seus pares. Os domínios "Bem-Estar Social" e "Bem-Estar Emocional" foram os mais afetados para crianças não-brancos, com escores médios significativamente maiores quando comparados aos crianças brancos (RR 1,19, 95% IC, 1,07-1,33; e RR 1,14; 95% IC 1,04-1,24). Essa associação permaneceu significante mesmo após ajustes por covariáveis individuais e contextuais. Disparidades na QVRSB são prevalentes entre crianças de grupos étnico/raciais minoritários. Crianças não-brancas tiveram pior QVRSB comparados aos crianças brancos.

Assessment of validity and reliability of Hindi version of geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI) in Indian population.

Objective: The objective of this study was to translate the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) into the Hindi language and assess its validity and reliability for use among people in India. Materials and Methods: GOHAI was translated into the Hindi language and self-administered to 420 subjects aged 55 years or above. The measures for reliability, and concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity were assessed. The questionnaire sought information about sociodemographic details, habits related to tobacco, dental visits, tooth brushing, and self-reported perceptions of general and oral health. Results: Cronbach's alpha (0.774) showed high internal consistency and homogeneity between items. Low GOHAI scores were associated with the perceptions of poor oral and general health, low satisfaction with oral health, and a perceived need for dental care. Respondents with high socioeconomic status were likely to have high GOHAI scores. Conclusion: The Hindi version of the GOHAI demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability, and will be an important instrument to measure oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) for people in this region.

Toothache, Associated Factors, and Its Impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Preschool Children

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of toothache, associated factors and impact of this condition on the Child Oral Health Related Quality of Life (COHRQoL) in preschoolers. The study was carried out in Santa Maria, Brazil, during the National Children's Vaccination Day, and 534 children aged 0 to 5 years were included. Clinical variables included dental caries and dental trauma. A questionnaire was responded by the parents and provided information about several socioeconomic indicators, dental service use and toothache. Toothache was collected by the question: "Has your child ever had a toothache - Yes or no?". Data on COHRQoL were assessed using the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Multivariable Logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between the predictor variables and outcomes. The prevalence of toothache was 10.11% (95% CI: 7.55% - 12.68%). Older children had a higher chance of presenting dental pain (OR 2.72; 95% CI: 1.01 - 7.56), as well as children with caries experience (OR 3.43; 95% CI: 1.81 - 6.52). Moreover, children who had not visited the dental service in the last 6 months were less likely to present toothache (OR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28 - 0.95). The presence of dental pain negatively affects the COHRQoL; those with toothache presented a higher chance of having higher impact on the total scores of ECOHIS (OR 4.18; 95% CI: 1.76 - 9.95) than those without toothache. Similar observation was found for the child section of the questionnaire (OR 5.54; 95% CI: 2.15 - 14.24). Toothache negatively affects COHRQoL and is associated with caries experience, age and use of dental service.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de dor dentaria, os fatores associados e seu impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de crianças pré-escolares. Esse estudo foi realizado em Santa Maria, Brasil, durante o dia nacional de vacinação infantil, e 534 crianças de 0 a 5 anos foram incluídas. As variáveis clinicas incluídas foram carie dental e traumatismo dentário. Um questionário foi respondido pelos pais, fornecendo informações sobre as condições socioeconômicas, uso de serviços odontológicos e dor dentaria. Dor de dente foi coletada através da pergunta: "Seu filho já teve dor de dente - Sim ou Não?". Os dados sobre qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal foram obtidos através da versão brasileira do questionário "Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale" (ECOHIS). Modelos multivariáveis de regressão logística foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis preditoras e os desfechos. A prevalência de dor dentaria foi 10,11% (95% IC: 7,55% - 12,68%). Crianças mais velhas apresentaram uma maior chance de ter tido dor dentaria (OR 2,72; 95% IC: 1,01 - 7,56), assim como crianças com experiência de carie (OR 3,43; 95% IC: 1,81 - 6,52). Além disso, as crianças que não tinham visitado o dentista nos últimos 6 meses foram menos propensas a apresentar dor dentária (OR 0,51; 95% IC: 0,28 - 0,95). A presença de dor dentária afeta negativamente a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal das crianças; aquelas que tiveram dor de dente apresentaram uma maior chance de ter piores impactos nos escores totais do ECOHIS (OR 4,18; 95% IC: 1,76 - 9,95) quando comparadas àquelas que não tiveram dor dentária. O mesmo se pode observar para a seção do questionário correspondente aos impactos na criança (OR 5,54; 95% IC: 2,15 - 14,24. Dor dentaria afeta negativamente a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal e esta associada com experiência de carie, idade e uso de serviços odontológicos.

Distribution of between socio-economic state of the parents and Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) for children in Gangneung city / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The study assessed the status of Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) and association between socio-economic status (SES) and C-OIDP in Korean children. METHODS: The study population was the citizens of Gangneung, aged 4-10 year-old, who were registered at a preschool and primary school. Finally, 1,943 among 2,489 finished the question and response (response rate 74.3%). The children completed the C-OIDP by a face-to-face interview or self-response questions evaluation. The ethic approval of the study protocol was approved form GWNUDH-IRB. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of the participants answered that they had difficulties on their daily performances from oral health. Problem with cleaning of the mouth was the most frequent performance to be reported and the percentage of the children who had this experience was 20.7%. Fifteen percent of the participants answered that they had difficulties on their daily performances from oral health on a daily basis. Among the children who experienced difficulties on daily performances from oral health on a daily basis, 59.3% of the difficulties on daily performances were moderate or severe effect. Lower SES was significantly associated with the rate of their daily performances from oral health. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the status of C-OIDP in Korean children. It is suggested to establish the oral health strategy to school-based oral health promotion program. Future longitudinal research is required to determine the specific role to the relation between SES and OHRQoL for children.